KONZO: An Updated Review of its Pathophysiology, Treatment Strategies and Research Directions

Abstract

The wide use of cassava in Africa has been associated with improper cooking preparation methods. Intake of raw cassava accompanied by sulfur amino acid deficiency leads to Konzo. This is an understudied neurologic disease defined as an irreversible, non-progressive, selective, and symmetrical para/ tetraparesis. Its causative factors (e.g., cyanide metabolites, infections, nutritional deficiencies) remain elusive and there is also no known cure for Konzo. Thus, there is a need update our current understanding about this disease. Available literature from 1990 to 2022 related to Konzo were obtained in Scopus database and then analyzed with bibliometrics. Konzo research trends and collaborations were then obtained through the aid of various softwares and socioeconomic factors that influence its research productivity were determined. To address the lack of pathophysiology, a summary of its neurotoxicity pathway was also illustrated, listing their metabolites, mechanism, and known effects to the body system. Treatment options were also provided based on the hypothesized pathogenic mechanisms. Overall, findings revealed that the lack of awareness on Konzo as a disease has been a problem in affected areas. Therefore, public health systems could instigate information drives on its definition, and methods of prevention for an eventually effective control of Konzo cases.